原文出處：dezeen
Mataerial ／3D Printing 不用支撐材料的自由曲形 Mataerial by Petr Novikov, Saša Jokić, Joris Laarman Studio and IAAC
| *本影片以三倍的速度撥放 The movie's frame rate was increased up to three times to show the process more quickly. |
機器又推出了可調整顏色的新功能!!!
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| 由機械手臂為主體的3D Printer，利用塑膠擠出後立即冷卻變硬的技術 得以在空中繪製出任何自由的表面與形體 Plastic extruded from this robotic 3D printer solidifies instantly, allowing it to draw freeform shapes in the air extending from any surface. |
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| 不同於一般的 3D Printer 需要一個水平的平台作為基礎，Mataerial 列印 的塑料可以是從水平、垂直、平滑的、非規矩的表面，並且不需要支撐材 Unlike normal 3D printers that require a flat and horizontal base, Mataerial prints with plastic that sticks to horizontal, vertical, smooth or irregular surfaces, without the need for additional support structures. |
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| 西班牙巴塞隆納 IaaC（Institute for Advanced Architecture of Catalonia） 的研究生 Petr Novikov 和 Saša Jokić，他們與荷蘭的設計師 Joris Laarman 共同發展出這個機器與系統 Petr Novikov and Saša Jokić from Barcelona's IaaC worked with the studio of Dutch designer Joris Laarman to develop the machine and system. |
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| 這個被原設計者稱之為＂反重力建模＂的系統，是一種由立即固化的擠出技術 來產出三維的實桿，而非一般 3D Printer 緩慢由下往上建構的二維切層堆疊 The process, which the designers call "anti-gravity object modelling", is a form of extrusion that instantly creates chunky three-dimensional rods, rather than slowly building up two-dimensional layers like a standard 3D printer. |
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| 這項＂反重力建模＂系統中一個關鍵的新技術，是採用熱固性聚合物，而非 廣泛使用於市面上 3D Printer 的熱塑性塑料。設計師補充解釋 "One of the key innovations of anti-gravity object modelling is the use of thermosetting polymers instead of thermoplastics that are used in existing 3D printers," explained the designers. |
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| 熱固性聚合物在擠出噴頭之後，兩個熱風槍作用下產生了材料固化的化學反應 使曲線的列印與懸空不再是不可能 A chemical reaction between the two components of the thermosetting polymer causes the material to solidify as it comes out of the nozzle, making it possible to print hanging curves. |
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| 材料擠出的速度取決於設定，通常是屬意的材料厚度；但是在這個例子中， 機器大約每三分鐘擠出一公尺的長度。 The speed of extrusion is dependent on factors such as the desired thickness of the material, but in this example the printer produced one meter in approximately three minutes. |
我們最近注意到一個類似的點子，但相對是一個小上許多的尺度－3D doodles。
We recently featured a similar idea on a much smaller scale – a pen that can "print" 3D doodles in mid-air. See all 3D printing on Dezeen or check out Print Shift, our one-off magazine about additivie manufacturing.
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| 去年的這個時候，Novikov 還只是IAAC的學生，他和他的團隊建構了一組 以沙子為材料的 3D Printer。示意圖為以 Mataerial 技術所建構的展覽館 Last year Novikov was part of a team of students from the IAAC who built a robotic 3D printer that creates architectural structures from sand or soil. Proposal for an outdoor pavilion printed by Mataerial |
更多關於這個案子的資訊：
Mataerial is the result of the collaborative research between Petr Novikov, Saša Jokić from the Institute for Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC) and Joris Laarman Studio. IAAC tutors representing Open Thesis Fabrication Program provided their advice and professional expertise. During the course of the research we developed a brand new digital fabrication method and a working prototype that can open a door to a number of practical applications. The method that we call Anti-gravity Object Modeling has a patent-pending status.
Mataerial – a brand new method of additive manufacturing. This method allows for creating 3D objects on any given working surface independently of its inclination and smoothness, and without a need of additional support structures. Conventional methods of additive manufacturing have been affected both by gravity and printing environment: creation of 3D objects on irregular or non-horizontal surfaces has so far been treated as impossible. By using innovative extrusion technology we are now able to neutralise the effect of gravity during the course of the printing process. This method gives us a flexibility to create truly natural objects by making 3D curves instead of 2D layers. Unlike 2D layers that are ignorant to the structure of the object, the 3D curves can follow exact stress lines of a custom shape. Finally, our new out of the box printing method can help manufacture structures of almost any size and shape.
One of the key innovations of anti-gravity object modelling is the use of thermosetting polymers instead of thermoplastics that are used in existing 3D printers. The material is cured because of a chemical reaction between two source components with such proportion of extrusion and movement speeds that it comes solid out of the nozzle; this feature makes it possible to print hanging curves without support material.
The desired shape is created by user in CAD software and then transformed into 3d curves describing the shape which are then converted into movement paths for the robotic arm. The thickness of the printed curve can be scaled down to less than a millimeter and can be adjusted during the printing process, by changing the speed of the movement. Colors can be injected in the nozzle in CMYK mode that allows changing of the curve color throughout the printing process.
In our vision, Mataerial can be applied in different fields, from furniture and architecture manufacturing to desktop and space 3d printing.
polymer
*['pɒlimә]
n. 聚合物, 聚合體
【化】 多聚體; 高分子; 大分子; 聚合物
【醫】 聚合物, 聚合體
